First, let's check my configuration:
root@desktop:~# fdisk -l /dev/sd*
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: ...
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sdb2 1050624 2050047 999424 488M Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3 2050048 488396799 486346752 231.9G Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb1: 512 MiB, 536870912 bytes, 1048576 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb2: 488 MiB, 511705088 bytes, 999424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb3: 231.9 GiB, 249009537024 bytes, 486346752 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdc: No medium found
As you can see, my 500GB drive is mapped to /dev/sda and 250GB drive is mapped to /dev/sdb with 3 partitions, the first being EFI system with 512MB of space, the second being Linux filesystem with 488MB, and the last being Linux LVM with 231.9GB of space.
To allocate the entire 500GB drive to LVM, run
root@desktop:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x55bec7d8.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-976773167, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-976773167, default 976773167):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 465.8 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Now, let's verify that /dev/sda has been formatted to type LVM:
root@desktop:~# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: ...
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 976773167 976771120 465.8G 8e Linux LVM
Perfect. Let's now add this physical drive to LVM physical volume:
root@desktop:~# pvcreate /dev/sda1
Physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully created
Again, let's verify:
root@desktop:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size 231.91 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 59368
Free PE 4075
Allocated PE 55293
PV UUID ...
"/dev/sda1" is a new physical volume of "465.76 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda1
VG Name
PV Size 465.76 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID ...
You can see that /dev/sdb3 is not fully allocated, as there is some free space. Let's examine logical volume:
root@desktop:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu, 2016-09-12 21:40:26 +0900
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 215.99 GiB
Current LE 55293
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
As you can see, there is only one logical volume, namely /dev/ubuntu-vg/root and its space is only 216GB out of total 232GB of /dev/sdb3. To enlare the volume of this logical volume, I run
root@desktop:~# lvextend /dev/ubuntu-vg/root /dev/sdb3
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/root changed from 215.99 GiB (55293 extents) to 231.91 GiB (59368 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized.
Let's verify:
root@desktop:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu, 2016-09-12 21:40:26 +0900
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 231.91 GiB
Current LE 59368
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
Viola! I have enlarged the logical volume /dev/ubuntu-vg/root to use the entire /dev/sdb3 space.
Next, I will create three logical volumes from group volume home:
root@desktop:~# lvcreate --name vm --size 100GB home
Logical volume "vm" created.
root@desktop:~# lvcreate --name home --size 200GB home
Logical volume "home" created.
root@desktop:~# lvcreate --name backup -l 100%FREE home
Logical volume "backup" created.
The first command creates logical volume named vm with size 100GB from volume group home.
The second command creates logical volume named home with size 200GB from volume group home.
The third last command creates logical volume named backup with the remaining space of group volume home.
After all these steps, my final logical volume info is given below:
root@desktop:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu, 2016-09-12 21:40:26 +0900
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 231.91 GiB
Current LE 59368
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/home/vm
LV Name vm
VG Name home
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time desktop, 2016-09-12 23:14:54 +0900
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 100.00 GiB
Current LE 25600
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/home/home
LV Name home
VG Name home
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time desktop, 2016-09-12 23:15:11 +0900
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 200.00 GiB
Current LE 51200
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/home/backup
LV Name backup
VG Name home
LV UUID ...
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time desktop, 2016-09-12 23:16:11 +0900
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 165.76 GiB
Current LE 42434
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:3
For Linux system to take effect on resize of the partition, you will need to run the following:
root@desktop:~# resize2fs logical_volume_path
where logical_volume_path is /dev/home/home or /dev/ubuntu-vg/root, etc.
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